When I went to college, seventy-four years ago, five percent of adult Americans had four-year college degrees. This meant that aside from doctors, most lawyers, dentists, college professors, most [but not all] high school teachers, and such, virtually no adults had college degrees. I cannot recall whether universities offered MBAs. My first father-in-law made it to the rank of Vice-President of Sears, Roebuck without the benefit of a college experience, let alone a degree, and there were more private than public tertiary institutions.
America was a severely economically stratified country, although corporate presidents made twenty or thirty times the salaries of workers, not a thousand times. But because of the relative rarity of college degrees, the economic mobility of working-class American men [I will come to women and African Americans later] was less obvious.
Today, three-quarters of a century later, a third of American adults have college degrees. Sixty percent of young Americans start college, but since only 55 percent finish, the college educated portion of the population is still only at one third.
I have spent the last four months, lying in bed and watching television. During that time, I have watched hundreds of hours of commentary on the political situation. I cannot think of a single commentator who does not have a college degree. I should like to try and experiment and that has almost never been attempted. Let me ask what America looks like to one of the two thirds of the population without a college degree. To such a person, most of the good jobs are closed off. Without a college degree in America today, an ordinary American cannot be a doctor, a lawyer, a dentist, a nurse, a college professor, a high school teacher, a middle school teacher, an elementary school teacher, an FBI agent, a Wal-Mart store manager, and in most large cities, a police officer, or a management trainee. It matters not how ambitious or hard working such a person is, he is simply denied those opportunities for lack of the educational credentials.
The truth is, even fifty or seventy-five years ago when the minority of workers had any real shot at the good jobs in this country but because access to such jobs did not require such credentials, it was possible to conceal that lack of access from view.
Today, there are more than 3,000 college and university campuses that offer a four-year degree. And I'm not talking about those elite institutions that virtually guarantee their graduates of the upper middle-class jobs with salaries over $100,000 a year, with pensions, benefits, paid holidays, and the like. The United States is the third largest country in the world. Only China and India, each with well over a billion residents, or larger, because the United States has so large a population, it is possible to make the mistake of supposing that the concerns of the one-third with college degrees, especially when being discussed by people who have college degrees, constitute a totality or at least the preponderance of the concerns of Americans. But even that enormous population is only one-third of all the adults in America.
The obscene character and performance of Donald Trump and his characterless followers make it easy to dominate our attention. But the real question is how such a desperate group of protofascists could command such support of virtually of half the voting population. Once we recognize the real character of America's population, the answer becomes obvious. The democratic party in the recent decades has become the party of the educated third of America. Because of the complexity of America's history with slavery, and the almost self-destructive embrace by the republican party of anti-abortion politics, the democratic party has been able to conceal from itself it's lack of commitment to the interest of the non-educated two-thirds of the population (one of the many ironies of the education of the electoral fiasco that has just played out before us is the fact that Joe Biden is the most genuine supporter of the interests of the non-college educated class). If we managed to survive the next several years, a survival that will be made more probable if Hakin Jefferies manages to gain control of the house perhaps, we will finally begin to ask whether the interests of the two-thirds of the AMerican population without college degrees should be made central to the concerns and mission of the democratic party.
(Dictated from my bed in the skilled nursing facility at Carolina Meadows with the invaluable assistance of Erika Hamlett)
19 comments:
Nice to hear from Prof. Wolff. I would point out that a second or two with Google indicates that the number of Americans with a bachelor's degree, per the Census Bureau's latest figures, is 37.7 percent. Presumably that doesn't count those with an associate's degree, or those w some college attendance who didn't finish.
So the post's statement that only a third of Americans have a college degree is not quite accurate, since 37.7 percent is higher than a third. (I suspect it's also not accurate to say that all the mentioned occupations, e.g., police officer, require a college degree, but I'm not sure.)
Thank you for breaking this out so clearly.
Beats the unbearable commentary of Tobias on facebook, though that’s not hard at all.
Thanks for this post, which I'm compelled to call 'beautiful'. It goes well with the points that James Wilson made about meritocracy near the end of the comments on the previous post. My personal experience (a couple of 'uneducated' decades working in the restaurant and building industries) suggests that asking elite liberals, with their individualistic, meritocratic ideologies, their narrow experience in life, and their fossilized sense of moral superiority and pearl-clutching about 'deplorables', to imagine the life of those without college degrees is the socio-political counter-part to the philosopher's question 'What is it like to be a bat?'. I'm not saying it's impossible. Consider how Elisabeth Costello in J. M. Coetzee's eponymous novel answers the latter: through reading Kafka, Rilke, and Ted Hughes, and vivid reflection the struggle of an animal to live. As Costello says, there are no limits to the sympathetic imagination. But do the Democrats' strategists care, or have they contented themselves with at least keeping the candidacy away from Sanders?
Well said. In New York I come across all types including Trump supporters- they are not evil, they just think the system is rigged and some are not too bright and when someone articulate (I mean that with slight irony) like Trump gives voice to their trials and tribulations, they flock to his side as their champion. Doormen and plumbers admire people who made it (again the irony) like Trump. If these Trump supporters went to college perhaps they'd take a philosophy class and apply the appearance/reality distinction and use it propaerly. People do bad even evil things for good intentions, they do stupid things because they know "what really is going on" and they let the abominable Trump into the citadel to slay their overlords, the college educated.
Let's hope we hold the house desperate though the hour may be.
I agree with this assessment. I would add that it's already challenging to keep working-class voters loyal in the face of constant, corporate-funded propaganda of the most tribalistic nature. When Democrats caved to special interests, it became impossible.
Let me add that the masses along with many college educated have a cartoon image of how power and the world works, a pretty lame vision which Trump exploited- they are victims but they are hardly wise even in the philosopher's sense. For Christ's sake (and I am not a Christian nor a Marxist) the French Revolution was sparked from world class suffering- just a little inflation, to bring in a goon with a silver spoon in his mouth like Trump, because of a childish notion that the President has the power because he is duh the President. Let them suffer, they deserve it, they only fooled themselves. The real issue is not true economic misery but the so-called American Dream, everyone wants to live the life. They did bad things for stupid reasons. Let them be teleported to Dickensian London, for all I care. I'll get along with them as individuals, but
First of all, Professor Wolff, it’s great to hear from you again. I’m sorry you had to rely on assistance, but I’m glad you have a good amanuensis. (I use that word just to establish my educational credentials. As to why that might be necessary, see below.)
I’d like, however, to add a little something to what you say about education, for it seems to me one ought also to take note of the nature of the education now on offer. Much has been written about the corporatisation of tertiary education in the US and elsewhere in the western world and the economic system which both contributes to the shaping of these institutions and relies on them to provide the workforce the corporations need or envisage they will soon need. Credentialisation is an element in that.
But as the noted student of education Henry Giroux recently noted in his Counterpunch essy, “Universities in dark times,” this process of corporatisation “weakens the humanities and liberal arts, stripping higher education of its capacity to serve as a democratic public sphere and robbing it of the potential to cultivate socially aware students who challenge injustices and hold power to account.” (Cavillers please note this was written after the campus demonstrations against the slaughter of the innocents in Gaza last spring.)
If these are the sorts of people who are becoming so significant in the Democratic Party—and note, I’m not blaming them, they are the creatures of their times (as I think I said in a previous comment)—impressed by their own credentials gained no doubt by quite a lot of hard work and maybe even self sacrifice, they are perhaps unlikely to face up to the nature of the political party they now cleave to and unlikely to contemplate changing it in substantial ways of the sort you advocate in your posting. Maybe it will take a few more disappointments of the sort inflicted yesterday to make them--and the rest of us--begin to examine our political fundamentals?
But back to really important matters: Get well soon! Best wishes, jw
A penetrating critique.
The question of the day is, will the Dems abandon their ideology (an ideology developed and employed to take up the space that would other be occupied by a focus on political economy) and return to the pre-1972 status quo ante?
My wager on this is … no way! I expect the Dem policy gurus (the mandarins, the Brahmins, the ideologues) to double-down and give us not just more of the same, but more of the same and “now in a new, super-concentrated formula!”
Consider this: there is more to be gained personally and materially for the professionals who run the party to make themselves into the party of morality and serve as a (well-funded) permanent opposition than there is to go back to the antediluvian concern for all those LOSERS out there in middle America. I’ll go further and submit that, material questions aside, it is psychologically impossible for all these cIever boys and girls to make this pivot, b/c doing so would call into question their own superiority.
It hurts me to say it, but if some (future) party will direct itself to the needs of most Americans I expect that to be be some splinter of the GOP.
Pillette,
How do you deal w the fact that the Biden/Harris legislative measures actually helped working-class voters? I agree that there shd be changes in rhetoric and approach, but the portrait of the Dem party here is something of a caricature. After all, the richest single person in the world was firmly in Trump's corner.
[p.s. for the record, I note that I have had in recent years (though not currently) the kind of job that requires no educational credentials whatsoever. Admittedly, I was not relying on the meager income from it to survive, but I did have it.]
Anonymous @ 7:17 p.m.
My comment was not really intended as a critique, which you might have realized were you not so intent on being sarcastic.
Nice to hear from LFC. I would point out that a second or two with Google leads to the Census Bureau website whose data indicates the 37.7% figure is for Americans age 25 or older while the professor made the claim that a third of adults (not just adults older than 25) had college degrees. The number for adults is 34.8%.
So the comment's statement that 37.7% of adults have a college degree is not quite accurate, since 34.8% is closer to a third than it is to 37.7%
T.J. @8:41 pm
Point taken. (For some reason I can't seem to do replies to comments within the sub-thread.)
In terms of delivering THE GOODS I’m afraid that’s “too little too late”. Let’s consider instead something like the Gini coefficient and where it’s traveled to over the last 50 years—we are currently in a tie with Morocco. Voters don’t sit down and chin-stroke and analyze and parse and faff around the way we do, but even the stupidest of them can see that (1) their slice of the social product has been diminishing steadily; that (2) the dems—the folks who brought you NAFTA and other delights—are clearly NOT overly concerned with what’s going on out there in all of these (formerly Democratic) districts; and (3) what the party IS concerned with and HOW they are concerned with is offensive.
See brief replies threaded below (i've now discovered how this stupid new system works).
Re number (3): aided by the Repubs spending millions on advertising designed to scare people about a fictional agenda to subject their kids to trans surgeries and other similarly nonsensical claims.
LFC @ 10:16 PM
Surely it's not just the Republicans who spend a huge amount of money trying to shape the perceptions and imaginations of other people. One of my take aways from the past few months is that we've been inundated with "rumors" of secretive women, tidal waves of women who'd be voting to save themselves from the Republicans, about that wonderful polling result from Iowa proving that there was an anti-Trump tide, etc. etc. All of it just designed either to make "us" feel good, or encouraging "us" to jump on the bandwagon, or . . . In short we were being fed a diet of lies and misrepresentaions and wishful thinking all masquerading as fact.
Hakeem Jeffries is emblematic of the very problems of which Prof Wolff writes. Jeffries is an anti-left corporate attorney.
"[P]erhaps [Jeffries'] defining in-caucus alliance is with Josh Gottheimer of New Jersey, one of the most conservative Democratic congressmen, who has threatened to blow up Biden’s agenda to defend tax breaks for the wealthy. Together with Alabama’s Terri Sewell, they formed the Team Blue PAC last year to protect incumbents against primaries from their left — which doubles as a warning shot to newly elected leftists such as Summer Lee and Maxwell Frost."
https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2022/11/hakeem-jeffries-speaker-of-the-establishment.html
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